Noun endings at a glance
| System | Singular | Plural |
|---|
| 1st decl. fem. | -α/-η, -ας/-ης, -ᾳ/-ῃ, -αν/-ην | -αι, -ῶν, -αις, -ας |
| 2nd decl. masc. | -ος, -ου, -ῳ, -ον, -ε | -οι, -ων, -οις, -ους |
| 2nd decl. neut. | -ον, -ου, -ῳ, -ον | -α, -ων, -οις, -α |
| 3rd decl. m/f | Nom varies, -ος, -ι, -α/-ν | -ες, -ων, -σι(ν), -ας |
| 3rd decl. neut. | Nom=Acc, -ος, -ι | -α, -ων, -σι(ν), -α |
λύω tense stems at a glance
| System | Stem / head form |
|---|
| Present | λυ- -> λύω |
| Future active/middle | λυσ- -> λύσω |
| Aorist active/middle | λυσ- -> ἔλυσα |
| Perfect active | λελυκ- -> λέλυκα |
| Perfect mid/pass | λελυ- -> λέλυμαι |
| Aorist passive | λυθη- -> ἐλύθην |
| Future passive | λυθησ- -> λυθήσομαι |
The two memorization mantras
| Nouns | Verbs |
|---|
| Nom - Gen - Dat - Acc - Voc | 1sg - 2sg - 3sg - 1pl - 2pl - 3pl |
| Dictionary form + genitive reveals the stem | Principal parts reveal the tense stems |
Reference basis: standard Attic paradigms, cross-checked against Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar for Colleges, and Dickinson College Commentaries / Ancient Greek for Everyone. Accentuation can vary in some lexical forms and alternative spellings; follow the conventions of your chosen grammar when it differs.